Cdrdao - Write audio/data CD-Rs in disk-at-once mode
===============================================================================

This file contains some additional information. See the manual page for usage
of the tool.

Please use the write simulation mode (command 'simulate') when trying this
program the first time on your system. This will detect problems or
incompatibilities without wasting a CD-recordable. Note that you may have to
eject and reinsert the CD-R after a simulation run before a real write can
start.


Sources of Information
---------------------
Cdrdao Homepage: http://cdrdao.sourceforge.net/
                 
Download:        http://sourceforge.net/projects/cdrdao/

Mailing Lists:

  cdrdao-info@lists.sourceforge.net
    Moderated list for informing about new releases or serious bugs.
    For subscribing information send an email with 'help' in the body
    to <cdrdao-info-request@lists.sourceforge.net> or visit the info page
    http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/cdrdao-info.

  cdrdao-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
    Open lists for discussion about problems, implementation of new
    features etc. 
    For subscribing information send an email with 'help' in the body
    to <cdrdao-devel-request@lists.sourceforge.net> or visit the info page
    http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/cdrdao-devel.
    

Please report bugs and suggestions to Andreas Mueller <andreas@daneb.de>.



Drivers
-------
The following driver IDs may be used with option '--driver'. It is possible
to specify option bits which modify the behavior of the driver. Global
and driver specific options are available. Options flags can be combined
by logical 'or' and appended to the '--driver' option, e.g.
'--driver plextor-scan:0x03'.

  Global Option Bits:
     read-toc/read-cd related:
        0x00010000: Use the generic method to read the TOC of a CD for commands
                    'read-toc' and 'read-cd'. If this flag is selected multi
                    session disks will not be handled properly but some drives
                    do not work with the currently implemented method for
                    reading the TOC of a specific session.

        0x00020000: If the byte order of the audio data retrieved with 
                    'read-cd' is wrong (i.e. not big endian samples) use
                    this option.

        0x00040000: Use this option if your drive cannot read audio data
                    from the first track's pre-gap. You will get read error
                    messages in this case which should vanish if this option
                    is used.

        0x00080000: Suppresses the automatic data type detection for the
                    raw TOC data and assumes that the drive sends BCD data.
                    Use this or the following option if cdrdao reports that
                    it cannot "determine if raw toc data is BCD or HEX".

        0x00100000: Suppresses the automatic data type detection for the
                    raw TOC data and assumes that the drive sends HEX data.
                    Use this or the previous option if cdrdao reports that
                    it cannot "determine if raw toc data is BCD or HEX".

        0x00200000: Do not try to read CD-TEXT data with command 'read-toc',
                    'read-cd' or 'copy'. Some drives lock up or send junk
                    data when asked for the CD-TEXT data. 

  Available Drivers:

  plextor
     Supports CD structure analysis (command 'read-toc') for Plextor CD-ROM
     readers. Pre-gaps and index marks are detected by performing a binary
     search over the Q sub-channel for each track. This method is fast and
     gives very exact results on Plextor drives. The driver uses generic
     SCSI commands (PLAY AUDIO and READ SUB-CHANNEL) so it may work on other
     models, too, but result and speed is directly correlated to the digital
     audio extraction capabilities.

     Option Bits:
        read-toc/read-cd related:
           0x00000001: Force usage of the paranoia method for audio extraction
                       instead of the special Plextor method that is used
                       with Plextor drives.

           0x00000002: Use the READ10 command to read audio data instead of
                       the vendor specific READ CDDA command.
                       Only used if the paranoia DAE method is selected.

		   0x00000010: Don't slow down after a read error. Available
		   			   only on Plextor devices. Manufacturer default is to 
					   slow down.

		   0x00000020: Start data transfer before maximum speed is reached.
		   			   Available only on Plextor PX-20 and later. Manufacturer
					   default is to wait for maximum speed.

		   0x00000040: Don't slow down when drive pauses to avoid vibrations.
		   			   Available only on Plextor PX-20 and later. Manufacturer
					   default is to slow down.
 
  plextor-scan
     This is an alternate driver for CD structure analysis with Plextor
     drives. It scans the Q sub-channels of a track linearly like the 
     'generic-mmc' driver but is faster on Plextor drives.

     Option Bits:
        read-toc/read-cd related:
           0x00000001: Read 16 bytes PQ sub-channel instead of 96 byte
                       raw P-W sub-channel data. If 'read-toc'/'read-cd'
                       fails on your drive try to select this option.
                       
           0x00000002: Only used if option '0x00000001' is selected. If set
                       the read PQ sub-channel data is expected to contain
                       BCD instead of HEX values. If the time count that
                       is displayed while running 'read-toc' jumps you will
                       have to toggle this option.

           0x00000004: Do not take ISRC code from the sub-channel data but use
                       the appropriate SCSI command for reading the ISRC 
                       code. This option is automatically selected if 16
                       byte PQ sub-channel data with HEX values is used.

  cdd2600
     This is a native driver for the Philips CDD2000/CDD2600 drive family.
     'read-toc' is implemented like in the 'plextor' driver but it is slow
     and not very exact due to poor digital audio extraction capabilities of
     these drives. Anyway, I don't recommend doing CD structure analysis with
     the CDD2x00 because it stresses the mechanism too much. 

  generic-mmc
     This is a driver for SCSI-3/mmc compatible CD-recorders that support
     session-at-once (cue sheet based) writing. Most of the recent drives
     (ATAPI, SCSI, USB, Parallel Port) should be compatible with this or
     with the 'generic-mmc-raw' driver described below. Data track writing
     support is also available.
     'read-toc' scans linearly the Q sub-channel of each track to retrieve
     the pre-gap length and index marks. This method is very accurate but
     takes the same time like digital audio extraction. It should also work
     with recent CD-ROM readers.

     Option Bits:
        read-toc/read-cd related:
           0x00000001: See 'plextor-scan'.
                       
           0x00000002: See 'plextor-scan'.

           0x00000004: See 'plextor-scan'.

           0x00000008: Try to retrieve the media catalog number by scanning
                       the sub-channels instead of using the appropriate
                       SCSI command. This might be an option if the CD-R/CD-ROM
                       drive does not extract the catalog number otherwise.

                       Note: A media catalog number need not be present on
                             on a CD.

           0x00000020: Use this option if the drive cannot read sub-channel
                       data along with audio data. A binary search method for
                       pre-gap and index mark extraction will be selected in
                       this case which has to play a sector before the
                       sub-channel data can be retrieved.
                       If 'read-toc'/'read-cd' works only with this option
                       you should consider to use '--fast-toc' since the
                       data retrieved with the binary search method is usually
                       not very reliable and not worth the additional time.

           0x00000100: Force using the raw R-W sub-channel reading mode for audio
                       and data tracks.

        writing related:
           0x00000010: Enable CD-TEXT writing. This must be done explicitly
                       because there is no way to detect if a recorder supports
                       CD-TEXT writing. Trying to write CD-TEXT data with
                       recorders that do not support this feature usually
                       results in an error message at the beginning of the
                       recording process and in real write mode the medium
                       will be unusable.

           0x00000040: Suppresses the activation of the BURN Proof feature.

           0x00000080: If the drive does not support packed R-W sub-channel writing
                       (the drive does not support the L-EC data creation and 
                       interleaving for R-W sub-channel data) you will have to
                       specify this option. Cdrdao will perform all the encoding
                       and write in raw R-W mode. If the drive does not support the
                       raw R-W writing mode, too, it is not possible to write
                       sub-channel data.

  generic-mmc-raw
     This is an alternate driver for SCSI-3/mmc compatible CD-recorders.
     It uses the raw writing interface where the driver has to provide the
     PQ sub-channel data in addition to the audio data. This writing mode
     allows using part of the lead-out area for audio data since the drive's
     firmware has no chance to prevent this. Of course, you will get some
     error message at the end of writing when the CD-R capacity is exhausted.
     Multi session recording is currently not supported.
     CD structure analysis is done like in the 'generic-mmc' driver. 

     Option Bits:
        All of 'generic-mmc' except
           
           0x00000010: CD-TEXT writing capability is automatically determined.

           0x00000080: R-W sub-channel writing capability is automatically determined.


  ricoh-mp6200
     Supports writing with the Ricoh MP6200S CD recorder.
     CD structure analysis is done like in the 'generic-mmc' driver.

  sony-cdu920
     Driver for the Sony CDU920 recorder. Audio and data tracks are supported.
     The Sony CDU948 recorder will work with this driver, too. Use option
     '--speed 0' to get the full writing speed.
     'read-toc' uses the Q sub-channel scanning method. 

  sony-cdu948
     Driver for the Sony CDU948 recorder. It extends the 'sony-cdu920' driver
     by CD-TEXT writing and multi session mode.

  taiyo-yuden
     This is an adapted 'cdd2600' driver for Taiyo-Yuden recorders.
     'read-toc' is done with 'plextor' method.

  teac-cdr55
     Driver for the Teac CD-R55 recorder. Audio and data tracks are supported.
      'read-toc' uses the Q sub-channel scanning method.

  toshiba
     Read only driver for Toshiba SCSI CD-ROM drives. The Q sub-channel
     scanning method is used to detect pre-gaps and index marks.

  yamaha-cdr10x
     Driver for the Yamaha CDR10X recorder series that supports audio and
     data tracks. 'read-toc' uses the Q sub-channel scanning method.


SCSI Device
-----------
Cdrdao uses Joerg Schilling's SCSI library. Thus the same SCSI device
addressing scheme applies as for 'cdrecord'. A SCSI device is addressed
by a bus/id/lun triple, e.g. '--device 0,2,0' for a device with SCSI ID 2 on 
SCSI bus 0. On some systems it is also possible (sometimes required) to
specify a device node directly, e.g. '--device /dev/sg0' can be used on
Linux systems instead of the bus/id/lun triple.

On Linux systems the generic SCSI device ('/dev/sg?') is required to access
the CD writer. Try 'cat /proc/devices' to check out if your kernel supports
the character device 'sg'.
If not insert the corresponding module ('insmod sg.o') or reconfigure and
compile the kernel. Cdrdao opens '/dev/cdrecorder' by default which should
be a link to the appropriate generic SCSI device.


ATAPI Support
-------------

ATAPI drives use the same command set as SCSI devices so that cdrdao also supports
all ATAPI CD-ROM, CD-R and CD-RW drives. Either the 'generic-mmc' or the 
'generic-mmc-raw' driver should work if the recorder supports DAO writing at all.

Cdrdao access ATAPI devices through the same interface as used for SCSI devices.
Therefor the operating system must emulate the ATAPI devices as SCSI devices.
Some operating systems do this by default (e.g. Win32), other operating system must
be told to do that (e.g. Linux, enable the IDE host adapter emulation) and some
operating system may not support that.

The same applies for USB and parallel port devices: cdrdao supports them but the
operating system must present them as SCSI devices.


Digital Audio Extraction
------------------------
The digital audio extraction is done with the help of Monty's paranoia
library except the 'plextor' driver which uses a special method for Plextor
drives. If you want to use the paranoia mode with the 'plextor' driver you
will have to use option '--driver plextor:0x1'.

The output file will always contain raw signed 16 bit audio samples
with MSB-LSB (big endian) byte order. If the byte order of the output
file is not MSB-LSB you will have to use the driver option '0x20000',
e.g. '--driver plextor:0x20000'. Please do not try to use '--swap' for
writing in this case because the byte order of the audio samples that are fed
to the paranoia library is wrong, too, which will cause malfunction of the
paranoia library routines.

Even if you specify a file name with a ".wav" extension the resulting
file will be a raw audio file without any header.

'read-cd' and 'copy' will read the first track's pre-gap, too. If your drive
cannot access these audio sectors which is usually indicated by read errors
you will have to use driver option 0x40000.

Currently, cdrdao does not support as many CD-ROM drives as cdparanoia. If
audio extraction works with cdparanoia but not with cdrdao please send me
a log of a 'cdparanoia -v' run and I will implement the required access
command.


CD-TEXT Writing
---------------
CD-TEXT data is read with 'read-toc' or 'read-cd' if your drive supports
it (e.g. Teac CD-532e, HP CD-Writer+ 8100) and will be stored in the toc-file.
It is also possible to create the CD-TEXT data manually by editing the
toc-file or by using the xcdrdao GUI.
If you want to create your own CD-TEXT data be sure to add the fields
'TITLE' and 'PERFORMER' to all tracks. 

IMPORTANT: The CD-TEXT writing feature must be explicitly enabled with
the driver option 0x10 for the 'generic-mmc' driver (see section
Drivers).  If the driver is automatically selected for your recorder
model the driver options should be already set if your recorder is
known to write CD-TEXT data. Please report if the driver database is
not up to date or contains incorrect data.

The directory "testtocs" contains a template toc-file "cdtext.toc".


Drives Known to Work
--------------------

Recorders:

  Model                               Firmware Rev.          Driver           Notes
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ACER 10x8x32                        ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  ACER 2010A                          ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  ACER 20x10x40                       ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  ACER 4406EU                         A.AZ                   generic-mmc-raw
  ACER 4x4x6                          ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  ACER 8X4X32                         5.GV                   generic-mmc-raw
  ACER CD-R/RW 4X4X32                 3.LS                   generic-mmc-raw
  AOPEN CD-RW CRW1632                 1.11                   generic-mmc    
  AOPEN CD-RW CRW2040                 1.01                   generic-mmc    
  AOPEN CD-RW CRW3248                 1.12                   generic-mmc-raw
  AOPEN CD-RW-241040                  ?                      generic-mmc    
  AOPEN CRW1232                       ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  AOPEN CRW620                        2.40                   ricoh-mp6200     10
  AOPEN CRW9624                       1.70                   generic-mmc    
  ARTEC RW241040                      1.02                   generic-mmc-raw
  ARTEC WRA-WA48                      ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  ARTEC WRR-4048                      1.01                   generic-mmc-raw
  ASUS CRW-1610A                      atapi                  generic-mmc-raw
  ASUS CRW-3212A                      1.0                    generic-mmc-raw
  ATAPI CD-R/RW 12X8X32               9.JB                   generic-mmc-raw
  ATAPI CD-R/RW 4X4X32                3.GS,3.HS              generic-mmc-raw  7
  ATAPI CD-R/RW CRW6206A              1.3A                   generic-mmc-raw
  BENQ CRW2410A                       P.MJ                   generic-mmc-raw
  BTC BCE1610IM                       0.19,A.20              generic-mmc-raw
  BTC BCE2410IM                       A.22,A.23              generic-mmc-raw
  BTC BCE621E                         2.0                    generic-mmc-raw
  CD-RW CDR-2440MB                    5SG1                   generic-mmc    
  CREATIVE CD-RW RW1210E              LCS6                   generic-mmc    
  CREATIVE CD-RW RW4424               1.12                   generic-mmc    
  CREATIVE CD-RW RW8433E              1R04                   generic-mmc    
  CREATIVE CD5233E                    1.00                   generic-mmc    
  CYBERDRV CW018D                     120                    generic-mmc-raw
  CYBERDRV CW038D                     100C,110C              generic-mmc-raw
  CYBERDRV CW058D                     100D                   generic-mmc-raw
  DELTA OME-W141                      1.40                   generic-mmc    
  GENERIC CRD-BP1600P                 2.43                   generic-mmc    
  GENERIC CRD-R800S                   1.10                   generic-mmc    
  GENERIC CRD-RW2                     1.12                   generic-mmc      9
  Goldstar 8120B                      ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  GRUNDIG CDR100IPW                   1.26                   cdd2600        
  HL-DT-ST CD-RW GCE-8160B            1.02                   generic-mmc-raw
  HL-DT-ST CD-RW GCE-8320B            1.00,1.01,1.04         generic-mmc-raw
  HL-DT-ST RW/DVD GCC-4120B           2.01                   generic-mmc    
  HP 9510i                            1.0e                   generic-mmc    
  HP CD-Writer 4020                   1.27                   cdd2600        
  HP CD-Writer 6020                   1.07                   cdd2600        
  HP CD-Writer+ 7100                  3.01                   generic-mmc-raw
  HP CD-Writer+ 7200                  3.01                   generic-mmc-raw
  HP CD-Writer+ 7570                  1.0a                   generic-mmc      5
  HP CD-Writer+ 8100                  1.0g                   generic-mmc      5
  HP CD-Writer+ 8200                  1.0f                   generic-mmc      5
  HP CD-Writer+ 8290                  1.3c                   generic-mmc      5
  HP CD-Writer+ 9100                  1.0c                   generic-mmc      5
  HP CD-Writer+ 9110                  1.0                    generic-mmc      5
  HP CD-Writer+ 9200                  1.0c, 1.0e             generic-mmc      5
  HP CD-Writer+ 9300                  1.0b                   generic-mmc      5
  HP CD-Writer+ 9600                  1.0a                   generic-mmc      5
  HP CD-Writer+ 9700                  1.0M                   generic-mmc    
  HP DVD Writer 100j                  1.34                   generic-mmc    
  HP DVD Writer 200j                  1.06                   generic-mmc-raw
  IDE-CD R/RW 16x10A                  P1.5                   generic-mmc    
  IDE-CD R/RW 2x2x24                  1.4                    generic-mmc-raw
  IDE-CD R/RW 4x4x24                  1.5C                   generic-mmc-raw
  IDE-CD R/RW 4x4x32                  1.3B,1.4B              generic-mmc-raw
  IDE-CD R/RW 8x4x32                  1.3B,1.4B,1.5          generic-mmc-raw
  IDE-CD ReWritable-2x2x6             3.09                   generic-mmc-raw
  IMATION IMW121032IAB                2.4B                   generic-mmc    
  IMS 522                             1.05                   cdd2600        
  IMS CDD2000                         1.25,1.26              cdd2600        
  IOMEGA ZIPCD 4x650                  1.04                   generic-mmc-raw
  JVC R2626                           1.10,2.29              teac-cdr55     
  JVC XR-W2010                        1.51                   teac-cdr55     
  KODAK PCD-225                       1.06                   cdd2600        
  LG 8088B                            ?                      generic-mmc    
  LG 8120B                            1.03                   generic-mmc    
  LG CD-ROM CDR-8428B                 1.0                    generic-mmc    
  LG CD-RW CED-8080B                  1.05,1.06              generic-mmc    
  LG CD-RW CED-8081B                  1.00,1.05,1.06         generic-mmc    
  LG CD-RW CED-8083B                  1.06,1.09,1.1          generic-mmc    
  LG CD-RW GCE-8240B                  1.06                   generic-mmc    
  LG COMBO                            1.0                    generic-mmc    
  LG HL-DT-ST RW/DVD GCC-4080N        0010                   generic-mmc    
  LITE-ON LTR-0841                    MS10, MS84             generic-mmc    
  LITE-ON LTR-12101B                  LS15                   generic-mmc-raw
  LITE-ON LTR-16101B                  TSON                   generic-mmc-raw
  LITE-ON LTR-16102C                  US52                   generic-mmc-raw
  LITE-ON LTR-24102B                  5S07                   generic-mmc    
  LITE-ON LTR-32123S                  XS0X                   generic-mmc-raw
  LITE-ON LTR-32125W                  WBS4                   generic-mmc    
  LITE-ON LTR-40125S                  ZS08                   generic-mmc-raw
  LITE-ON LTR-48125W                  VS04,VS06              generic-mmc-raw
  MATSHITA CD-R   CW-7502             X.14, X.17             generic-mmc      5
  MATSHITA CD-R   CW-7503             1.04, 1.8              generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA CD-R   CW-7582             1.00, 1.05, 1.10       generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA CD-R   CW-7585             1.04                   generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA CD-R   CW-7586             1.01,1.08              generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA CDRRW01                    1.34                   generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA UJDA360                    ?                      generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA UJDA710                    1.50                   generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA UJDA720                    ?                      generic-mmc    
  MEMOREX 24MAX 1040                  ?                      generic-mmc    
  MEMOREX 40MAXX 1248AJ               ZWS1                   generic-mmc    
  MEMOREX CD-RW4224                   1.17                   generic-mmc    
  MEMOREX CDRW-2216                   1.0b                   generic-mmc-raw
  MEMOREX CR-622                      D4.0                   generic-mmc-raw  5
  MEMOREX CRW-1662                    D4.0                   generic-mmc-raw
  MEMOREX CRW620                      1.20                   ricoh-mp6200   
  MICROSOLUTIONS BACKPACK CD REWRITER ?                      generic-mmc    
  MITSUMI 2801                        1.10                   generic-mmc-raw
  MITSUMI CR-4801                     2.02                   generic-mmc      2
  MITSUMI CR-4802                     1.2B, 1.4D             generic-mmc-raw  4
  MITSUMI CR-4804                     2.4C                   generic-mmc-raw
  MITSUMI CR-48X5                     1.2A                   generic-mmc    
  MITSUMI CR-48X5TE                   1.6A                   generic-mmc    
  MITSUMI CR-48X8TE                   1.1E                   generic-mmc    
  MITSUMI CR-48XATE                   1.0C                   generic-mmc    
  OLYMPIC RWD RW4224                  ?                      generic-mmc    
  OTI -975 SOCRATES                   ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  PANASONIC CD-R   CW-7582            1.05                   generic-mmc    
  PHILIPS CDD 3801/31                 ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  PHILIPS CDD2000                     1.25, 1.26             cdd2600        
  PHILIPS CDD2600                     1.07                   cdd2600        
  PHILIPS CDD3600                     2.00                   generic-mmc-raw
  PHILIPS CDD3610                     2.02, 3.01, 3.09       generic-mmc-raw
  PHILIPS CDD4201                     1.5C                   generic-mmc-raw
  PHILIPS CDD4801                     C1.3                   generic-mmc-raw
  PHILIPS CDD522                      ?                      cdd2600        
  PHILIPS CDRW1610A                   P1.4                   generic-mmc    
  PHILIPS CDRW2412A                   P1.5                   generic-mmc    
  PHILIPS CDRW400                     ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  PHILIPS OMNIWRITER26                1.20                   ricoh-mp6200   
  PHILIPS PCA460RW                    1.0e,1.0g              generic-mmc    
  PHILIPS PCRW1208                    3.1,4.0                generic-mmc-raw
  PHILIPS PCRW120899                  ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  PHILIPS PCRW404                     1.06,1.4b              generic-mmc-raw
  PHILIPS PCRW804                     1.5,2.0                generic-mmc-raw
  PIONEER DVD-ROM DVD-114             2.06                   generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R   PX-R412              1.04, 1.06, 1.07       generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R   PX-R820              1.03, 1.07             generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R   PX-W1210             1.02,1.04,1.05         generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R   PX-W124              1.02                   generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R   PX-W1610             1.00                   generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R   PX-W4220             1.01, 1.02             generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R   PX-W8220             1.01                   generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R   PX-W8432             1.03, 1.05             generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R PX-W241040             1.04                   generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R PX-W2410a              1.03,1.04              generic-mmc    
  PLEXTOR CD-R PX-W4012A              1.00,1.01              generic-mmc    
  QPS CRD-BP 1500P                    6.38                   generic-mmc-raw
  RICOH CD-R/RW MP7040                1.4                    generic-mmc    
  RICOH CD-R/RW MP7060                1.30, 1.50, 1.70       generic-mmc    
  RICOH CD-R/RW MP7063A               1.80                   generic-mmc    
  RICOH CD-R/RW MP7080                1.10                   generic-mmc    
  RICOH CD-R/RW MP7083A               1.20                   generic-mmc    
  RICOH DVD/CDRW MP9060               1.50                   generic-mmc    
  RICOH MP6200                        2.20, 2.03, 1.20, 2.40 ricoh-mp6200   
  RICOH MP6201                        ?                      ricoh-mp6200   
  SAF CD-R2006PLUS                    2.05                   teac-cdr55     
  SAF CD-R4012                        6.0J, 6.0L             teac-cdr55     
  SAF CD-R8020                        1.24                   generic-mmc    
  SAF CD-RW 226                       1.12                   teac-cdr55     
  SAF CD-RW4224A                      1.20                   generic-mmc    
  SAF CD-RW6424                       1.30                   generic-mmc    
  SAMSUNG CD-R/RW SW-204B             BS21                   generic-mmc-raw
  SAMSUNG CD-R/RW SW-206              1.40                   generic-mmc    
  SAMSUNG CD-R/RW SW-208              BS01, BS02             generic-mmc-raw
  SAMSUNG CD-R/RW SW-212B             BS05,Q001              generic-mmc-raw
  SAMSUNG CD-R/RW SW-224              R201                   generic-mmc-raw
  SAMSUNG CD-R/RW SW-408B             BS02                   generic-mmc    
  SAMSUNG CDRW/DVD SM-308B            BS03,BS04,T100         generic-mmc    
  SAMSUNG SW-232                      R300,R301              generic-mmc-raw
  SANYO CRD-BP3                       1.03                   generic-mmc    
  SONY CD-R   CDU920                  ?                      sony-cdu920    
  SONY CD-R   CDU924                  1.1d                   sony-cdu920    
  SONY CD-R   CDU948                  1.0j                   sony-cdu948      5
  SONY CD-RW  CRX700E                 1.4r                   generic-mmc    
  SONY CRX-815                        ?                      generic-mmc    
  SONY CRX100                         1.0m                   generic-mmc      5
  SONY CRX120                         1.0j                   generic-mmc      5
  SONY CRX140                         1.0n                   generic-mmc      5
  SONY CRX145                         1.0b                   generic-mmc      5
  SONY CRX160E                        1.0e,1.0g              generic-mmc    
  SONY CRX175A1                       5YS2                   generic-mmc    
  SONY CRX175E                        ?                      generic-mmc    
  SONY CRX185E1                       XYS2                   generic-mmc    
  SONY CRX195E1                       ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  T.YUDEN CD-WO EW-50                 2.15, 2.16, 2.18       taiyo-yuden    
  TDK 4800                            s7s5                   generic-mmc    
  TDK CDRW121032                      1.02                   generic-mmc    
  TDK CDRW321040B                     X7S2                   generic-mmc    
  TDK CDRW8432                        1.07                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-R50                         ?                      teac-cdr55     
  TEAC CD-R55                         1.0k,1.0n,1.0r         teac-cdr55     
  TEAC CD-R56                         ?                      generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-R58                         1.0J, 1.0H             generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-W216E                       1.0A                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-W512EB                      2.0B                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-W512SB                      1.0H                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-W516EB                      1.0A,1.0B              generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-W516EC                      1.8C                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-W524E                       1.0b                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-W54E                        1.1B                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-W58E                        1.0A                   generic-mmc-raw
  TORiSAN CDW-U4424                   1.10                   generic-mmc      11
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-M1612            1004                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-R1002            1030                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-R1202            1020                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-R2002            ?                      toshiba        
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-R2102            15                     toshiba        
  TOSHIBA R/RW 4x4x24                 ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  TRAXDATA 241040                     ?                      generic-mmc    
  TRAXDATA 2832                       ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  TRAXDATA CDR4120                    5.0G, 5.0J, 5.0N       teac-cdr55     
  TRAXDATA CDRW2260+                  3.01                   generic-mmc-raw
  TRAXDATA CDRW4260                   1.0f                   generic-mmc    
  TRAXDATA CRW2260 PRO                2.0                    generic-mmc-raw
  WAITEC WT2444EI                     1.04                   generic-mmc-raw
  WAITEC WT4424                       1.01                   generic-mmc-raw
  WAITEC WT624                        7.0F                   generic-mmc    
  YAMAHA CDR100                       1.0, 1.1               yamaha-cdr10x  
  YAMAHA CDR102                       1.00, 1.01             yamaha-cdr10x  
  YAMAHA CDR200                       1.0k                   generic-mmc    
  YAMAHA CDR400                       1.0k, 1.0n             generic-mmc      1,5
  YAMAHA CRW2100                      1.0D, 1.0H             generic-mmc    
  YAMAHA CRW2200                      ?                      generic-mmc    
  YAMAHA CRW2260                      1.0f                   generic-mmc    
  YAMAHA CRW3200                      1.0d                   generic-mmc    
  YAMAHA CRW4001                      1.0q                   generic-mmc    
  YAMAHA CRW4260                      1.0h, 1.0q             generic-mmc      5
  YAMAHA CRW4416                      1.0b                   generic-mmc    
  YAMAHA CRW6416                      1.0c, 1.0d             generic-mmc      8
  YAMAHA CRW8424                      1.0d                   generic-mmc    
  YAMAHA CRW8824                      1.0                    generic-mmc    
  _NEC 7900                           ?                      generic-mmc-raw
  _NEC NR-7700A                       1.01                   generic-mmc    
  _NEC NR-7800A                       1.01,1.0B              generic-mmc-raw

Readers (command 'read-toc', 'read-cd'):

  Model                               Firmware Rev.          Driver           Notes
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  ASUS CD-S340                        1.60                   generic-mmc    
  ASUS CD-S400                        2.40                   generic-mmc    
  ASUS CD-S500/A                      1.0K                   generic-mmc    
  ASUS DVD-ROM E608                   1.10                   generic-mmc    
  E-IDE CD-950E/TKU                   A41                    generic-mmc    
  E-IDE CD-ROM 36X/AKU                U23                    generic-mmc      3
  E-IDE CD-ROM 52X/AKH                A6E                    generic-mmc    
  FUNAI E295X                         1.01                   generic-mmc    
  HITACHI CDR-7730                    ?                      generic-mmc    
  HITACHI CDR-8435                    0010                   generic-mmc    
  HITACHI DVD-ROM GD-2500             A011                   plextor        
  LG CD-ROM CRD-8480C                 1.04                   generic-mmc    
  LG CD-ROM CRD-8482B                 1.00                   generic-mmc    
  LG CD-ROM CRD-8521B                 1.01,1.06              generic-mmc    
  LG DVD-ROM DRN8080B                 LAB8                   generic-mmc    
  LITE-ON CD-ROM                      ?                      generic-mmc    
  LITE-ON LTD-163                     ghr3                   generic-mmc    
  LITEON DVD-ROM LTD163D              ?                      generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA CD-ROM CR-506              8S04                   plextor        
  MATSHITA CD-ROM CR-588              LS15                   generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA CD-ROM CR-589              GS0H                   generic-mmc    
  MATSHITA CR-8008                    8.0e                   plextor        
  MATSHITA DVD-ROM SR-8585            ?                      generic-mmc    
  MEMOREX CD-233E                     U10A                   generic-mmc      6
  MITSUMI CD-ROM FX4820               D02A                   generic-mmc    
  NAKAMICH MJ-5.16S                   1.07                   plextor        
  OPTICS_S 8622                       ?                      generic-mmc    
  PHILIPS 36X/AKU                     ?                      generic-mmc    
  PHILIPS CD-ROM PCCD052              F50P                   generic-mmc    
  PHILIPS E-IDE CD-ROM 36X            U23                    generic-mmc    
  PIONEER CD-ROM DR-U03               1.01                   plextor        
  PIONEER CD-ROM DR-U06               1.05                   plextor        
  PIONEER CD-ROM DR-U10               1.07                   plextor        
  PIONEER CD-ROM DR-U12               1.06                   plextor        
  PIONEER CD-ROM DR-U16               1.06                   plextor        
  PIONEER CD-ROM DR-U32               1.00                   generic-mmc    
  PIONEER DVD-103                     1.09, 1.15             generic-mmc    
  PIONEER DVD-104                     1.11                   generic-mmc    
  PIONEER DVD-105                     1.11                   generic-mmc    
  PIONEER DVD-303                     1.09                   plextor        
  PIONEER DVD-305                     1.03                   plextor        
  PLEXTOR CD-ROM                      ?                      plextor-scan   
  PLEXTOR PX-40TS                     1.11                   plextor-scan   
  PLEXTOR PX-40TW                     ?                      plextor-scan   
  PLEXTOR PX-63                       ?                      plextor-scan   
  SONY CD-ROM                         ?                      plextor        
  SONY CD-ROM CDU-76                  1.1c                   plextor        
  SONY CD-ROM CDU31A-02               ?                      generic-mmc    
  SONY CD-ROM CDU4821                 S0.P                   generic-mmc    
  SONY CDU5211                        YYS2                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-524E                        3.0B                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-532E                        1.0A                   generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-532S                        1.0A                   teac-cdr55     
  TEAC CD-540E                        1.0A,1.0C              generic-mmc    
  TEAC CD-ROM CD-532S                 1.0A                   plextor-scan   
  TOSHIBA 1504                        1008                   toshiba        
  TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-3206B             ?                      generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-3601B             1885                   toshiba        
  TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-5302TA            1095                   toshiba        
  TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-5701TA            0167                   toshiba        
  TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-6102B             1112                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-6201TA            1037                   toshiba        
  TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-6302B             1012                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-6401TA            1009                   toshiba        
  TOSHIBA CD-ROM XM-6402B             1008                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-2102             1015                   toshiba        
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-C2202            1020,1021              generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-C2302            1021                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-C2402            1317                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-M1102            1426                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-M1401            1008                   generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-M1402            ?                      generic-mmc    
  TOSHIBA XM-5401                     1036                   plextor        

Notes:
  1) Writing with firmware revision 1.0i does not work.
  2) read-toc with plextor driver.
  3) Sold as Philips PCA36XCD CD-ROM.
  4) The generic-mmc driver will also work but the firmware seems to create wrong sub-channel data in some cases.
  5) See notes at the end of this file.
  6) This drive seems to ignore ISRC Codes and the Catalog Number.
  7) Firmware version 3.DS does not work well in DAO mode. Update to 3.GS!
  8) With firmware 1.0c and Adaptec 2940U2W the transmission must be set to asynchron according to Adaptec and Yamaha.
  9) Sanyo OEM 32x/12x/4x CD-RW drive.
  10) The firmware reports an empty vendor string so that the driver will not be selected automatically. Please use the --driver option.
  11) As with Toast and Nero it`s best to write and rewrite at 2x.


Pre-compiled Binaries
---------------------
The pre-compiled binaries should work with 2.4.x kernels.
Other kernel versions may require recompilation because the API of the
generic SCSI device has changed.


Example for CD Copying
----------------------
The following command will copy the CD in the source drive specified with
option '--source-device' to the CD-R/CD-RW inserted in the destination drive
specified with option '--device'. Only a single session will be copied which
can be selected with option '--session' (default: 1st session). If you want
to keep the session open you will have to use option '--multi'.

        cdrdao copy --source-device 0,2,0 --device 0,5,0 --buffers 64


The option '--buffers' is used to adjust the ring buffer size. Each buffer
holds 1 second audio data. Dividing the specified number of buffers by the
writing speed gives the approx. time for which data input my be stalled,
e.g. 64 buffers and writing at 4x speed results in 16 seconds.

On the fly copying is selected with option '--on-the-fly'. No intermediate
data will be stored on the disk in this case.

If the source CD contains audio tracks and the source drive is slow you should
consider to reduce the audio extraction quality with option '--paranoia-mode 0'
or reduce the writing speed to 2x. For '--paranoia-mode 0' you will need a
perfect CD-ROM drive that can provide an accurate audio stream. 

The standard generic SCSI interface of Linux kernels < 2.2.6 cannot handle
multiple commands in parallel. Since the reading and the writing part of
cdrdao use the generic SCSI interface mutual blocking will occur. This
results in low fill rates of cdrdao's ring buffer and very likely
produces buffer under runs.

To avoid these problems you should apply Heiko Eissfeldt's sg-buffer
patch which can be downloaded from:
	ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/alpha/
It is available for 2.0.x and 2.1.x kernels. For 2.2.x kernels with
x < 6 the "SG-2.2.tar.gz" patch should be used. Kernel versions >= 2.2.6
do not need any patch.
      
I strongly recommend to perform some simulation runs before trying real
writing.


Example for composing an audio CD
---------------------------------
Assume three existing audio files 'audio1.wav', 'audio2.wav' and 'audio3.wav'
that go in three tracks. We do not want a pause between track 1 and 2 (no
pre-gap). The first 10 seconds of 'audio1.wav' should be used as pre-gap for
track 3. Here is the toc-file:


// Track 1
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "audio1.wav" 0  // take all audio data from 'audio1.wav', length is taken
                     // from file

// Track 2
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "audio2.wav" 0  // take all audio data from 'audio2.wav', length is taken
                     // from file, no pre-gap

// Track 3
TRACK AUDIO
FILE "audio1.wav" 0 0:10:0 // take first 10 seconds from 'audio1.wav'
START                      // everything before this line goes into the pre-gap
FILE "audio3.wav" 0  // take all audio data from 'audio3.wav', length is taken
                     // from file


Type 'cdrdao show-toc example.toc' to check for the correct syntax of the
toc-file. Note that even for the command 'show-toc' the audio files must exist
if the length of the audio files is not specified like in the example.

Type 'cdrdao read-test example.toc' to check if all audio files can be read
without error (optional).

Type 'cdrdao simulate example.toc' to perform a write simulation (optional).

Type 'cdrdao write example.toc' to create the audio CD.



Notes about some CD recorder models
-----------------------------------
MATSHITA/PANASONIC CW-7502

    This drive will only produce useful disks with the recent firmware
    revision X.17. The X depends on the drive hardware revision. 

    Thanks to Jeroen Steenblik <jeroens@esrac.ele.tue.nl> for adapting
    the generic-mmc driver to the CW-7502 recorder. He spend a lot of time
    and wasted many CD-Rs until it was obvious that the pre-X.14
    firmware does not completely comply with the SCSI-3/mmc standard. 

    Here are Jeroen's notes for upgrading the firmware:
    The update can be found at the Plasmon technical website,
    http://tech.plasmon.co.uk/, choose 'Download Files' and obtain the
    X.17 firmware for the CDR480. This includes all instructions.
    One thing I might add, when downloading the two files in the sequence
    described in their document, my drive refused the second file. I had
    to reboot after downloading the first file and only then I could download
    the second. Quite scary stuff. Swapping the download sequence should
    prevent this (so I've read). 


MEMOREX CR-622
    Submitted by Bryan E. Chafy <bchafy@ccs.neu.edu>:

    The drive as shipped comes with firmware that does not support DAO.
    The firmware lives on a PROM, it is not flashable.
    You need an EPROM burner, a 27c020 PLCC EPROM, and the
    D4.0 ROM image for the CRW-1622 (can download it from Memorex web site,
    the name of the image is d39e.dat).

    The ROM is socketed at the rear of the drive, you will see it when you
    remove the top cover.  Mine had a sticker on it with the numbers E07/885B.

    Note, this is for the CR-622 (and its sister the CDR-622 wearnes drive),
    NOT the CRW-1622.  The CRW-1622 drive is flash-upgradeable).

    IMHO, Wearnes/Memorex should be sending us new ROM's free of charge because
    the box clearly states the CR-622 supports DAO.

    The new firmware does not turn the CR-622 into a cd-rw capable drive.
    You can still only burn cd-r media.


YAMAHA CDR400, CRW4260
    These drives sometimes have problems with writing at 4x speed. The
    resulting disk is hard read for some reason. Disks written at 1x or
    2x speed are fine. Yamaha's support is aware of this problem. It might
    be related to the actual firmware revision.
    I successfully wrote CD-Rs at 4x speed with a CDR400t and firmware
    revision 1.0k.


HP CD-Writer+ 75XX, HP CD-Writer+ 8100, SONY CRX100, HP CD-Writer+ 8200
    The firmware restricts the possible disk types in multi session
    mode (DAO only) to one of the following:
    
     o Pure audio CD.
     o CD-EXTRA where the 1st session contains only audio tracks and the
       2nd session contains 1 data track.
	  
    Further restrictions:

     o The length of the 1st track's pre-gap is restricted to a certain
       amount.
     o Cue sheets with ISRC codes are rejected of the COPY flag is set.
       This might be fixed in future versions.


SONY CD-R CDU948
    The firmware restricts the possible disk types in DAO mode to one of
    the following:

     o Pure audio CD.
     o Mixed mode CD where the 1st track is a data track followed by at
       least 1 audio track.
     o CD-EXTRA where the 1st session contains only audio tracks and the
       2nd session contains 1 data track.
	  
    The length of the 1st track's pre-gap is restricted to a certain
    amount, too.

    If you want to create a pure data CD you will have to append a dummy
    audio track to the toc-file, e.g. with:

        TRACK AUDIO
	PREGAP 0:2:0
	SILENCE 0:4:0
