- Name
- Synopsis
- Licensing
- Description
- Enhancements

- Fixed Bugs
- Enhancements
- ToDoS

- Version Information
- Installation
- Format of the cvsacl file
- Program Logic

- Pseudocode
- Sanity Check

# Name

cvs_acls - Access Control List for CVS

# Synopsis

In 'commitinfo':

      repository/path/to/restrict $CVSROOT/CVSROOT/cvs_acls [-d][-u $USER][-f <logfile>]

where:

      -d  turns on debug information
      -u  passes the client-side userId to the cvs_acls script
      -f  specifies an alternate filename for the restrict_log file

In 'cvsacl':

      {allow.*,deny.*} [|user,user,... [|repos,repos,... [|branch,branch,...]]]

where:

      allow|deny - allow: commits are allowed; deny: prohibited
      user          - userId to be allowed or restricted
      repos         - file or directory to be allowed or restricted
      branch        - branch to be allowed or restricted

See below for examples.

# Licensing

cvs_acls - provides access control list functionality for CVS

    Copyright (c) 2004 by Peter Connolly <peter.connolly@cnet.com>
    All rights reserved.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA

# Description

This script--cvs_acls--is invoked once for each directory within a ``cvs commit''. The set of files being committed for that directory as well as the directory itself, are passed to this script. This script checks its 'cvsacl' file to see if any of the files being committed are on the 'cvsacl' file's restricted list. If any of the files are restricted, then the cvs_acls script passes back an exit code of 1 which disallows the commits for that directory.

Messages are returned to the committer indicating the `file(s)` that he/she are not allowed to committ. Additionally, a site-specific set of messages (e.g., contact information) can be included in these messages.

When a commit is prohibited, log messages are written to a restrict_log file in $CVSROOT/CVSROOT. This default file can be redirected to another destination.

The script is triggered from the 'commitinfo' file in $CVSROOT/CVSROOT/.

# Enhancements

This section lists the bug fixes and enhancements added to cvs_acls that make up the current cvs_acls.

## Fixed Bugs

This version attempts to get rid the following bugs from the original version of cvs_acls:

- Multiple entries on an 'cvsacl' line will be matched individually, instead of requiring that all commit files *exactly* match all 'cvsacl' entries. Commiting a file not in the 'cvsacl' list would allow *all* files (including a restricted file) to be committed.
[IMO, this basically made the original script unuseable for our situation since any arbitrary combination of committed files could avoid matching the 'cvsacl's entries.]

- Handle specific filename restrictions. cvs_acls didn't restrict individual files specified in 'cvsacl'.
- Correctly handle multiple, specific filename restrictions
- Prohibit mix of dirs and files on a single 'cvsacl' line [To simplify the logic and because this would be normal usage.]
- Correctly handle a mixture of branch restrictions within one work directory
- $CVSROOT existence is checked too late
- Correctly handle the CVSROOT=:local:/... option (useful for interactive testing)
- Replacing shoddy ``$universal_off'' logic (Thanks to Karl-Konig Konigsson for pointing this out.)

## Enhancements

- Checks modules in the 'cvsacl' file for valid files and directories
- Accurately report restricted entries and their matching patterns
- Simplified and commented overly complex PERL REGEXPs for readability and maintainability
- Skip the rest of processing if a mismatch on portion of the 'cvsacl' line
- Get rid of opaque ``karma'' messages in favor of user-friendly messages that describe which user, `file(s)` and `branch(es)` were disallowed.
- Add optional 'restrict_msg' file for additional, site-specific restriction messages.
- Take a ``-u'' parameter for $USER from commit_prep so that the script can do restrictions based on the client-side userId rather than the server-side userId (usually 'cvs').
(See discussion below on ``Admin Setup'' for more on this point.)

- Added a lot more debug trace
- Tested these restrictions with concurrent use of pserver and SSH access to model our transition from pserver to ext access.
- Added logging of restricted commit attempts. Restricted commits can be sent to a default file: $CVSROOT/CVSROOT/restrictlog or to one passed to the script via the -f command parameter.

## ToDoS

- Need to deal with pserver/SSH transition with conflicting umasks?
- Use a CPAN module to handle command parameters.
- Use a CPAN module to clone data structures.

# Version Information

This is not offered as a fix to the original 'cvs_acls' script since it differs substantially in goals and methods from the original and there are probably a significant number of people out there that still require the original version's functionality.

The 'cvsacl' file flags of 'allow' and 'deny' were intentionally changed to 'allow' and 'deny' because there are enough differences between the original script's behavior and this one's that we wanted to make sure that users will rethink their 'cvsacl' file formats before plugging in this newer script.

Please note that there has been very limited cross-platform testing of this script!!! (We did not have the time or resources to do exhaustive cross-platform testing.)

It was developed and tested under Red Hat Linux 9.0 using PERL 5.8.0. Additionally, it was built and tested under Red Hat Linux 7.3 using PERL 5.6.1.

$Id: cvs_acls.html,v 1.2 2005/07/20 10:38:40 dprice Exp $

This version is based on the 1.11.13 version of cvs_acls peter.connolly@cnet.com (Peter Connolly)

      Access control lists for CVS.  dgg@ksr.com (David G. Grubbs)
      Branch specific controls added by voisine@bytemobile.com (Aaron Voisine)

# Installation

To use this program, do the following four things:

0. Install PERL, version 5.6.1 or 5.8.0.

1. Admin Setup:

       There are two choices here.

       a) The first option is to use the $ENV{"USER"}, server-side userId
          (from the third column of your pserver 'passwd' file) as the basis for
          your restrictions.  In this case, you will (at a minimum) want to set
          up a new "cvsadmin" userId and group on the pserver machine.
          CVS administrators will then set up their 'passwd' file entries to
          run either as "cvs" (for regular users) or as "cvsadmin" (for power
          users).  Correspondingly, your 'cvsacl' file will only list 'cvs'
          and 'cvsadmin' as the userIds in the second column.

          Commentary: A potential weakness of this is that the xinetd
          cvspserver process will need to run as 'root' in order to switch
          between the 'cvs' and the 'cvsadmin' userIds.  Some sysadmins don't
          like situations like this and may want to chroot the process.
          Talk to them about this point...

       b) The second option is to use the client-side userId as the basis for
          your restrictions.  In this case, all the xinetd cvspserver processes
          can run as userId 'cvs' and no 'root' userId is required.  If you have
          a 'passwd' file that lists 'cvs' as the effective run-time userId for
          all your users, then no changes to this file are needed.  Your 'cvsacl'
          file will use the individual, client-side userIds in its 2nd column.

          As long as the userIds in pserver's 'passwd' file match those userIds
          that your Linux server know about, this approach is ideal if you are
          planning to move from pserver to SSH access at some later point in time.
          Just by switching the CVSROOT var from CVSROOT=:pserver:<userId>... to
          CVSROOT=:ext:<userId>..., users can switch over to SSH access without
          any other administrative changes.  When all users have switched over to
          SSH, the inherently insecure xinetd cvspserver process can be disabled.
          [http://ximbiot.com/cvs/manual/cvs-1.11.17/cvs_2.html#SEC32]

          :TODO: The only potential glitch with the SSH approach is the possibility
          that each user can have differing umasks that might interfere with one
          another, especially during a transition from pserver to SSH.  As noted
          in the ToDo section, this needs a good strategy and set of tests for that
          yet...

2. Put two lines, as the *only* non-comment lines, in your commitinfo file:

       ALL $CVSROOT/CVSROOT/commit_prep
       ALL $CVSROOT/CVSROOT/cvs_acls [-d][-u $USER ][-f <logfilename>]

       where "-d" turns on debug trace
             "-u $USER" passes the client-side userId to cvs_acls
             "-f <logfilename"> overrides the default filename used to log
                                restricted commit attempts.

       (These are handled in the processArgs() subroutine.)

If you are using client-side userIds to restrict access to your repository, make sure that they are in this order since the commit_prep script is required in order to pass the $USER parameter.

A final note about the repository matching pattern. The example above uses ``ALL'' but note that this means that the cvs_acls script will run for each and every commit in your repository. Obviously, in a large repository this adds up to a lot of overhead that may not be necesary. A better strategy is to use a repository pattern that is more specific to the areas that you wish to secure.

3. Install this file as $CVSROOT/CVSROOT/cvs_acls and make it executable.

4. Create a file named CVSROOT/cvsacl and optionally add it to CVSROOT/checkoutlist and check it in. See the CVS manual's administrative files section about checkoutlist. Typically:

       $ cvs checkout CVSROOT
       $ cd CVSROOT
       [ create the cvsacl file, include 'commitinfo' line ]
       [ add cvsacl to checkoutlist ]
       $ cvs add cvsacl
       $ cvs commit -m 'Added cvsacl for use with cvs_acls.' cvsacl checkoutlist

Note: The format of the 'cvsacl' file is described in detail immediately below but here is an important set up point:

       Make sure to include a line like the following:

         deny||CVSROOT/commitinfo CVSROOT/cvsacl
         allow|cvsadmin|CVSROOT/commitinfo CVSROOT/cvsacl

       that restricts access to commitinfo and cvsacl since this would be one of
       the easiest "end runs" around this ACL approach. ('commitinfo' has the
       line that executes the cvs_acls script and, of course, all the
       restrictions are in 'cvsacl'.)

5. (Optional) Create a 'restrict_msg' file in the $CVSROOT/CVSROOT directory. Whenever there is a restricted file or dir message, cvs_acls will look for this file and, if it exists, print its contents as part of the commit-denial message. This gives you a chance to print any site-specific information (e.g., who to call, what procedures to look up,...) whenever a commit is denied.

# Format of the cvsacl file

The 'cvsacl' file determines whether you may commit files. It contains lines read from top to bottom, keeping track of whether a given user, repository and branch combination is ``allowed'' or ``denied.'' The script will assume ``allowed'' on all repository paths until 'allow' and 'deny' rules change that default.

The normal pattern is to specify an 'deny' rule to turn off access to ALL users, then follow it with a matching 'allow' rule that will turn on access for a select set of users. In the case of multiple rules for the same user, repository and branch, the last one takes precedence.

Blank lines and lines with only comments are ignored. Any other lines not beginning with ``allow'' or ``deny'' are logged to the restrict_log file.

Lines beginning with ``allow'' or ``deny'' are assumed to be '|'-separated triples: (All spaces and tabs are ignored in a line.)

      {allow.*,deny.*} [|user,user,... [|repos,repos,... [|branch,branch,...]]]

       1. String starting with "allow" or "deny".
       2. Optional, comma-separated list of usernames.
       3. Optional, comma-separated list of repository pathnames.
          These are pathnames relative to $CVSROOT.  They can be directories or
          filenames.  A directory name allows or restricts access to all files and
          directories below it. One line can have either directories or filenames
          but not both.
       4. Optional, comma-separated list of branch tags.
          If not specified, all branches are assumed. Use HEAD to reference the
          main branch.

Example: (Note: No in-line comments.)

       # ----- Make whole repository unavailable.
       deny

       # ----- Except for user "dgg".
       allow|dgg

       # ----- Except when "fred" or "john" commit to the
       #       module whose repository is "bin/ls"
       allow|fred, john|bin/ls

       # ----- Except when "ed" commits to the "stable"
       #       branch of the "bin/ls" repository
       allow|ed|/bin/ls|stable

# Program Logic

CVS passes to @ARGV an absolute directory pathname (the repository appended to your $CVSROOT variable), followed by a list of filenames within that directory that are to be committed.

The script walks through the 'cvsacl' file looking for matches on the username, repository and branch.

A username match is simply the user's name appearing in the second column of the cvsacl line in a space-or-comma separate list. If blank, then any user will match.

A repository match:

- Each entry in the modules section of the current 'cvsacl' line is examined to see if it is a dir or a file. The line must have either files or dirs, but not both. (To simplify the logic.)
- If neither, then assume the 'cvsacl' file was set up in error and skip that 'allow' line.
- If a dir, then each dir pattern is matched separately against the beginning of each of the committed files in @ARGV.
- If a file, then each file pattern is matched exactly against each of the files to be committed in @ARGV.
- Repository and branch must BOTH match together. This is to cover the use case where a user has multiple branches checked out in a single work directory. Commit files can be from different branches.
A branch match is either:

- When no branches are listed in the fourth column. (``Match any.'')
- All elements from the fourth column are matched against each of the tag names for $ARGV[1..$#ARGV] found in the %branches file.

- 'allow' match remove that match from the tally map.
- Restricted ('deny') matches are saved in the %repository_matches table.
- If there is a match on user, repository and branch:

      If repository, branch and user match
        if 'deny'
          add %repository_matches entries to %restricted_entries
        else if 'allow'
          remove %repository_matches entries from %restricted_entries

- At the end of all the 'cvsacl' line checks, check to see if there are any entries in the %restricted_entries. If so, then deny the commit.

## Pseudocode

         read CVS/Entries file and create branch{file}->{branch} hash table
       + for each 'allow' and 'deny' line in the 'cvsacl' file:
       |   user match?
       |     - Yes: set $user_match       = 1;
       |   repository and branch match?
       |     - Yes: add to %repository_matches;
       |   did user, repository match?
       |     - Yes: if 'deny' then
       |                add %repository_matches -> %restricted_entries
       |            if 'allow'   then
       |                remove %repository_matches <- %restricted_entries
       + end for loop
         any saved restrictions?
           no:  exit,
                set exit code allowing commits and exit
           yes: report restrictions,
                set exit code prohibiting commits and exit

## Sanity Check

      1) file allow trumps a dir deny
         deny||java/lib
         allow||java/lib/README
      2) dir allow can undo a file deny
         deny||java/lib/README
         allow||java/lib
      3) file deny trumps a dir allow
         allow||java/lib
         deny||java/lib/README
      4) dir deny trumps a file allow
         allow||java/lib/README
         deny||java/lib
      ... so last match always takes precedence